Thursday's announcement by the Pentagon that a failing U.S. spy satellite would be the target of an anti-satellite missile, a story ably explained by Bill Gertz on Page One of Friday's paper, reflects the latest— but not the first — such attempt by the U.S. military.
As Mr. Gertz's story noted, the forthcoming try would "be the first time a missile defense interceptor will be used against a satellite, something that has not been attempted since the 1980s, when the Pentagon tested an anti-satellite missile from a jet fighter."
The jet fighter in question was an F-15, and its pilot was then-Capt. Wilbert D. "Doug" Pearson Jr., U.S. Air Force, who retired in 2005 as a Major General in charge of the Air Force Flight Test Center at California's Edwards Air Force Base. He's now Lockheed Martin's vice president of the F-35 Integrated Test Force, based in Fort Worth, Texas.
In a telephone interview Feb. 15, Mr. Pearson said that unlike his accomplishment of 25 and one-half years ago, the Navy's task of bringing down this new satellite will have its challenges.
"It will be more difficult in some ways, specifically, they have a target that is not particularly stable," Mr. Pearson said from his Fort Worth office. The current satellite "is probably tumbling. When you look at it today and try to predict where it will be tomorrow at a particular time, there will be a much larger error than what we had in [1982]."
However, Mr. Pearson said, "it is quite do-able. We have demonstrated intercepts before with ballistic missiles. They've done that a couple of times at least."
Maj. Gen. Wilbert D. "Doug" Pearson Jr., U.S. Air Force, retired
In 1982, under a mandate signed by then-President Ronald Reagan, Mr. Pearson's team used the F-15 to launch a specially designed, two-stage, anti-satellite missile that would sense the target and hit the center of the satellite at a high velocity, achieving a "kinetic kill."
The Air Force used "an infrared sensor that could sense a heat source from very far away," Mr. Pearson said, to target the satellite. The sensor was a byproduct of the Reagan-era "Star Wars" antimissile defense program, he said, and was able to differentiate between the heat signature of a satellite and those of any nearby stars, even though the two signatures were similar. This was done by programming
the sensor with information about the stars in the satellite's vicinity; any extra signatures would have to suggest a target.
"We put our eggs in the basket of being very precise and make it a kinetic kill, which would involve a very small vehicle," Mr. Pearson recalled. "But you had to actually hit it. If you missed by just an inch or two, it just went whizzing by. The sensor had to guide precisely to the center of the satellite and hit at a high velocity and would destroy the target," he added.
"And that's exactly what happened," Mr. Pearson said. "There were 210 individual items that had to be correct to get a successful launch, and I said we got 210 miracles."
— Mark Kellner, The Washington Times